Abbreviations

ADR

Auditdienst Rijk (new window) (central government audit services)

AFM

Autoriteit Financiële Markten (new window) (Netherlands Authority for the Financial Markets) (new window)

AI

Artificial intelligence

AQC

Assurance Quality Committee

AQI

Audit quality indicator

AQPPD

Audit Quality Professional Practice Department

ARC

Audit Risk Committee

BFT

Bureau Financieel Toezicht (new window) (Financial Supervision Office)

Bta

Besluit toezicht accountantsorganisaties (new window) (Dutch Audit Firms Supervision Decree)

CEAOB

Committee of European Auditing Oversight Bodies (new window)

CEO

Chief Executive Officer

CFO

Chief Financial Officer

COO

Chief Operating Officer

CSRD

Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (new window)

Daní

Digital Assurance & Innovation

EEA

European Economic Area

EQCR

Engagement Quality Control Review

ERM

Enterprise Risk Management

ERP

Enterprise Resource Planning

ESG

Environmental, social and governance

ESRS

European Sustainability Reporting Standards (new window)

EU

European Union (new window)

FTE

Full-time equivalent

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation (new window)

GHG

Greenhouse gas

GPS

Global People Survey

GRI

Global Reporting Initiative (new window)

HR

Human resources

IDE

Inclusion, diversity & equity

IFAC

International Federation of Accountants (new window)

IFIAR

International Forum of Independent Audit Regulators (new window)

IFRS

International Financial Reporting Standards (new window)

IG&H

Infrastructure, government & healthcare

ISAE

International Standard on Assurance Engagements (new window)

ISQM

International Standard on Quality Management (new window)

KDN

KPMG Delivery Network (new window)

KPI

Key performance indicator

KQCE

KPMG Quality & Compliance Evaluation

MFR

Mandatory firm rotation

NA

Not available or not applicable

NBA

Koninklijke Nederlandse Beroepsorganisatie van Accountants (new window) (Royal Netherlands Institute of Chartered Accountants) (new window)

NGO

Non-governmental organization

NM

Not measured

NOREA

Nederlandse Orde van Register EDP-Auditors (new window) (Dutch professional organization for IT auditors)

NPS

Net Promoter Score

OECD

Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (new window)

PCAOB

Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (new window)

PIE

Public interest entity

QPR

Quality Performance Review

QRMG

Quality & Risk Management Group

RAC

Remuneration & Appointment Committee

RCA

Root cause analysis

SBT

Science Based Target

SBTi

Science-Based Targets initiative

SDG

Sustainable Development Goal (new window)

SoQM

System of Quality Management

STEM

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics

tCO₂e

Tonnes CO₂ equivalent

UN

United Nations (new window)

VGBA

Verordening gedrags- en beroepsregels accountants (new window) (Dutch Code of Ethics)

ViO

Verordening inzake de onafhankelijkheid van accountants bij assuranceopdrachten (new window) (Dutch regulation on the independence of auditors in assurance engagements)

WAB

Wet op het accountantsberoep (new window) (Dutch Auditors’ Profession Act)

Wta

Wet toezicht accountantsorganisaties (new window) (Dutch Audit Firms Supervision Act)