9 Other expenses

EUR 000

2021/2022

2020/2021

Other employee expenses

35,292

24,464

Travelling and representation expenses

14,344

10,150

Housing expenses

7,905

5,889

Office and IT expenses

17,438

13,947

Other expenses

31,680

31,024

106,659

85,474

Other employee expenses increased as a result of higher recruitment, entertainment and study costs, which reflects the increase in activities following the relaxation of Covid-19 measures. Travel and representation expenses increased as a result of higher lease expenses and increased travel compared with the first year of Covid-19. Housing expenses increased due to higher energy, catering and rental costs. Office and IT expenses increased due to higher software and general IT expenses.

Other expenses included in Other expenses mainly relate to contributions to KPMG International, insurance expenses, AFM fees and advertising and marketing expenses. Total litigation expenses (including related legal expenses and movements in provisions) included in other expenses amount to EUR 0.3 million (2020/2021: EUR 1.1 million).

An amount of EUR 7.8 million is recognized in the other expenses (employee expenses and IT expenses) related to research and development costs (2020/2021: EUR 5.6 million).